Abstract: Applying for federal student financial aid became a postsecondary option through the 2008 reauthorization of the United States Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) for students with intellectual disability (ID) in the US. Certified Transition Programs (CTP) utilizing 5 programing options for students with ID are now possible. This study evaluated university peers’ perceptions in conjunction with one such HEOA program at a mid-size regional public university in the Deep South. The research was a mixed method design with pre-post ratings on the Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised (SACIE-R) scale and a focus group of students taking courses with students in the HEOA university program. Results indicated statistically significant differences in peer perceptions. Focus group findings showed student participants growth in awareness and understanding of SWID. Proposed state policies are changing the higher education climate to foster more CTP opportunities.

Abstract: This essay explores Malcolm X’s leadership through his political and economic examinations and proscriptions for African Americans via his public statements and writings. This work builds on previous scholarly work about Malcolm X as a major historical figure of the late 20th century at the nexus of his unique role as organizational leader to uncover his political and economic ideas as he sought to address the negative conditions facing African Americans in their communities during the Civil Right era.